A review about Hydrogen from steam methane reforming with carbon dioxide [CO2] capture

Hydrogen is a versatile and widely used chemical element in various industries, including chemical production, petroleum refining, and transportation. The primary source of hydrogen production is from steam methane reforming (SMR), a process that involves the reaction of methane and steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The produced hydrogen is then separated from the carbon dioxide by various methods, including pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, or cryogenic distillation.

While SMR is a proven and efficient method for hydrogen production, it also generates significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. To address this environmental concern, researchers and engineers have been exploring and developing technologies to capture and store carbon dioxide from SMR processes.

Carbon capture from SMR processes can be achieved through various methods, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these methods, post-combustion capture is the most mature and widely used technology. It involves capturing carbon dioxide from the flue gas after combustion and before release into the atmosphere. The captured carbon dioxide can then be stored or utilized for various applications, including enhanced oil recovery and industrial processes.

The overall efficiency of SMR with carbon capture depends on various factors, including the quality of the feedstock, the type and capacity of the capture technology, and the destination of the captured carbon dioxide. While SMR with carbon capture can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, it also increases the energy consumption and cost of hydrogen production.

One way to mitigate the energy consumption and cost of SMR with carbon capture is to use renewable electricity sources, such as wind or solar, to generate the required electricity for the process. The resulting hydrogen would then be considered "green hydrogen," as it is produced from a renewable energy source and does not generate carbon dioxide emissions.

In conclusion, SMR with carbon capture is an established and efficient method for hydrogen production that can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, the technology's energy consumption and cost remain a challenge, which can be mitigated by using renewable electricity sources to power the process. The adoption and implementation of SMR with carbon capture are crucial steps towards a sustainable hydrogen economy and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.